What to do after EDF OA contract ends? CSRD compliance, Hourly Matching, PPA, and $WATT token explained.Glossary: Solar Post-OA Alternatives & CSRD Compliance

Contractual expiry date (typically after 20 years) when a solar photovoltaic plant ceases to benefit from state-subsidized purchase tariffs via EDF Obligation d'Achat. The installation becomes exposed to highly volatile wholesale Spot electricity prices. To sustain the asset without subsidies, direct valorization of environmental attributes (timestamped certificates) to local consumers secures a stable additional revenue stream.

Hourly electricity price set daily on energy exchanges (such as EPEX SPOT) for the following day. Characterized by high volatility and risk of negative prices during midday solar production peaks. Software dissociation allows selling the physical electron at market price while negotiating a fixed premium on the environmental attribute via short circuit, stabilizing producer revenue.

Long-term over-the-counter contract between a renewable energy producer and a buyer (supplier or corporate consumer). While traditional PPAs require heavy legal structures, asset tokenization via S-NFT streamlines these agreements by enabling automated execution of energy delivery and certification on an hourly basis without intermediary.

Virtual integration method for a production asset relying exclusively on automated grid index collection. Connection is established in a few clicks via the secure Enedis Data Connect protocol (OAuth2 standard). For industrial installations requiring real-time granularity, access is achieved via a simple tele-information (TIC) key connected directly to the Linky or SME meter, eliminating all hardware CapEx.

Financial surcharge negotiated above the raw electricity price, paid directly to the local solar producer to acquire the proof of their production at a specific hour. Estimated at an average of 10 EUR per MWh for Hourly Matching, this premium rewards the producer's ability to cover demand in real time, particularly during grid tension hours (morning, winter).

Non-fungible digital token acting as the virtual twin (Digital Twin) of a physical solar plant, uniquely indexed to its PRM meter number. Legally qualified as an intangible movable asset attached to the infrastructure, it secures environmental data ownership, amortizes conventionally on the balance sheet, and serves as auditable collateral for partner banks.

Carbon accounting protocol measuring and matching an industrial site's consumption with local green energy production within the same hour (30 or 60 minute intervals). Unlike annual Guarantees of Origin, this method eliminates technical greenwashing by proving that electricity was injected into the grid at the precise moment of consumption.

European regulation requiring companies (based on size and revenue thresholds) to publish a standardized sustainability report. It mandates application of ESRS standards, imposing full transparency on environmental and financial risks, and heavily penalizes greenwashing or lack of supply chain data traceability.

Specific environmental sub-standard of CSRD (European Sustainability Reporting Standards) dedicated to climate. It holds a central role by requiring companies to declare a decarbonization trajectory aligned with the Paris Agreement (+1.5°C) and audit their entire value chain. Real, timestamped, and tamper-proof data is required to validate emission reductions.

Carbon footprint perimeter (GHG Protocol / ISO 14064) measuring greenhouse gas emissions related to purchased electricity, heat, or steam consumed by the company. Under CSRD pressure, Scope 2 neutralization can no longer rely on vague annual offsets but requires certified temporal traceability evidence.

European Union regulation governing renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO). It requires hydrogen producers to prove strict temporal correlation between the electrolyzer and the green energy plant (moving to mandatory hourly matching). Without this tamper-proof proof, hydrogen loses its green qualification and associated subsidies.

Traditional administrative certificate attesting that one megawatt-hour (MWh) of renewable energy was produced during the year in Europe. This time lag allows declaring a factory 100% green in winter with solar certificates generated in summer, a mechanism now classified as greenwashing by new extra-financial audit standards.

Digital utility asset issued in the background at a strict 1:1 ratio for each traced renewable kWh injected into the grid. Transparently purchased in euros by corporate finance departments via our Fiat Gateway, the token is immediately destroyed (burned) within the software to generate proof of Scope 2 neutralization during audits.

Hybrid software design strictly isolating data flows. Strategic and confidential information (raw load curves, GPS coordinates, industrial secrets) is processed off-chain on sovereign secure servers compliant with GDPR, while only anonymous cryptographic fingerprints are anchored on the public blockchain.

Mathematical algorithm transforming a grid data file (Enedis load curve) into a unique encrypted 64-character string. This code is the only information published on the Distributed Ledger, enabling audit firms (Big 4) to instantly verify zero-defect compliance of a file without ever accessing the company's confidential data.